What can cause brake fade during operation?

Brake fade occurs primarily due to excessive heat buildup in brake components. When the brakes are applied, kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy, which increases the temperature of the brake pads, rotors, and fluid. If this temperature exceeds the designed operational range, the performance of the brake system can diminish. High temperatures can lead to changes in the brake pad material, such as outgassing or thermal degradation, which reduces friction and effective stopping power. Furthermore, excessive heat can cause brake fluid to boil, leading to vapor formation that compromises brake responsiveness, a phenomenon known as vapor lock.

Inadequate brake fluid levels can indeed affect braking efficiency, but it does not directly cause fade in the same manner that excessive heat does. Normal wear and tear typically leads to reduced braking performance over time rather than acute fade, while low tire pressure affects traction and handling more than it affects the braking system directly. Therefore, understanding the role of heat management in brake operation is crucial for maintaining optimal braking performance and preventing fade.